Os dispositivos termoelétricos anteriores usavam elementos caros e tóxicos. Os cientistas agora criaram cristais baratos que consistem em cobre, manganês, germânio e enxofre que podem converter calor em eletricidade com eficiência.
Mineral sulfeto sintético com propriedades termoelétricas.
Em um esforço para converter eficientemente calor em eletricidade, materiais facilmente acessíveis a partir de matérias-primas inofensivas abrem novos horizontes no desenvolvimento dos chamados materiais termoelétricos seguros e baratos. O cobre sintético metálico adquire uma estrutura e microestrutura complexas por meio de simples mudanças em sua composição, estabelecendo assim as bases para as propriedades desejadas, de acordo com um estudo publicado recentemente na revista. Anguandt Kimi.
O novo material sintético é feito de cobre, manganês, germânio e enxofre e é produzido em um processo bastante simples, explica o cientista de materiais Emmanuel Gilmou, pesquisador do CNRS no Laboratório CRISMAT, Caen, França, e autor correspondente do estudo. . “Os pós são misturados mecanicamente simplesmente por moagem de bolas para formar uma fase de pré-cristalização, que é então condensada em 600 graus.[{” attribute=””>Celsius. This process can be easily scaled up,” he says.
Thermoelectric materials convert heat to electricity. This is especially useful in industrial processes where waste heat is reused as valuable electric power. The converse approach is the cooling of electronic parts, for example, in smartphones or cars. Materials used in these kinds of applications have to be not only efficient, but also inexpensive and, above all, safe for health.
However, thermoelectric devices used to date make use of expensive and toxic elements such as lead and tellurium, which offer the best conversion efficiency. To find safer alternatives, Emmanuel Guilmeau and his team have turned to derivatives of natural copper-based sulfide minerals. These mineral derivatives are mainly composed of nontoxic and abundant elements, and some of them have thermoelectric properties.
Now, the team has succeeded in producing a series of thermoelectric materials showing two crystal structures within the same material. “We were very surprised at the result. Usually, slightly changing the composition has little effect on the structure in this class of materials,” says Emmanuel Guilmeau describing their discovery.
The team found that replacing a small fraction of the manganese with copper produced complex microstructures with interconnected nanodomains, defects, and coherent interfaces, which affected the material’s transport properties for electrons and heat.
Emmanuel Guilmeau says that the novel material produced is stable up to 400 degrees Celsius (750 degrees Fahrenheit), a range well within the waste heat temperature range of most industries. He is convinced that, based on this discovery, novel cheaper, and nontoxic thermoelectric materials could be designed to replace more problematic materials.
Reference: “Engineering Transport Properties in Interconnected Enargite-Stannite Type Cu2+xMn1−xGeS4 Nanocomposites” by Dr. V. Pavan Kumar, S. Passuti, Dr. B. Zhang, Dr. S. Fujii, K. Yoshizawa, Dr. P. Boullay, Dr. S. Le Tonquesse, Dr. C. Prestipino, Prof. B. Raveau, Prof. P. Lemoine, Dr. A. Paecklar, Dr. N. Barrier, Prof. X. Zhou, Prof. M. Yoshiya, Dr. K. Suekuni, Dr. E. Guilmeau, 13 September 2022, Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210600
Funding: Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science